DaDa Responds To War
Dada was an Art movement with its peak in 1916-1920s. This movement was established as a position against the War, and particularly World War I. They saw all the negativity of the war. They also were against the Art. It was a protest against beauty, because Art didn’t save civilization from wars.
The members of that movement organized demonstrations, propagandas, wrote brochures, manifestos against the cruelty of war using ideas of Arthur Rimbaund in poetry, and critical ideas of Max Jacob (who later died in the Nazi concentration camp) and Guillaume Apollinaire.
They established the new Journal where they wrote anti-war and anti-terror articles sometimes by using satire. Also the group made different absurd theatrical performances highly criticizing the first World War in Cabaret Voltaire. Tzara, one of the leader, of that group, wrote a lot of articles to different European newspapers, trying to emphasize the whole horror of war.
As Dada movement Surrealism was also under against terror thoughts about World War I . This was one of the predominant facts for both movements to create something irrational and surreal. Surrealism inherited pessimistic and revolutionary mood because of Dada movement . Dada’s main artistic idea was to make various activities and theories, instead of producing actual representational art.
The follower of Dada came up with the ideas of irrationality and “accidentalness.” The Law of Chances created by both Jean Arp (he threw pieces of paper on the floor, and where the paper fell down, he glue it to the background) and, of course, Marcel Duchamp. Dadaists made a lot of experiments by avoiding all kind of artistic laws and orders that were established by the masters in Art before them.
Surrealism inherited ideas from Dada about anti-consciousness, anti-controlled way of thinking in the process of creating pictures. They preferred to use subconscious mind and feelings. They believed in the power of dreaming (Dali), in intuitive associations, and in the idea of chances (Ernst).
Some Dadaists Surrealists used a lot of ideas of absurd and illogic. One of the facts that Dada was a precursor of Surrealism is that some Dadaist artists and poets became Surrealists in their future artistic careers, such as a painter- Max Ernst, a photographer- Man Ray, and the poet – Tristan Tzara.
